Relevance of futures market:
- Quick and low cost transactions
- Price discovery function (fair idea of future demand and supply)
- Advantage to informed individuals (Impart efficiency to the price)
- Hedging advantage
Futures trading
Advantages |
Disadvantages |
1. Leverage : Smaller cash outlay i.e. Only margin amount |
1. Risk : Trading loss more than initialinvestment |
2. Ease of Short Selling: It is possible to sell futures without possessing the underlying |
2. No stockholder privileges : No voting rights and no rights to dividends |
3. Flexibility : Can use the instrument to speculate, hedge, spread or othersophisticated strategies |
3. Required vigilance : Require investor to monitor their position because of marked to margin and margin call |
Payoff for a buyer of Nifty futures:
The investor bought futures when the index was at 2220. If the index goes up, his futures position starts making profit. If the index falls, his futures position starts showing losses.

Example and Picture Source: NCFM Books, www.nseindia.com
Payoff for a seller of Nifty futures:
The investor sold futures when the index was at 2220. If the index goes down, his futures position starts making profit. If the index rises, his futures position starts showing losses.

Example and Picture Source: NCFM Books, www.nseindia.com
Options:
For Options terminology and strategies, I will recommend the following book of NSE:
Click to download: option trading strategies module
I will publish the relevent questions for the CFP exams on derivatives soon.